Bharat's G20 Presidency: Advancing Global Cooperation and Inclusivity through African Representation and Delhi Declaration September, 2023

G20 summit in New DelhiBharat's upcoming presidency of the G20 presents a significant opportunity for the nation to shape global economic and political discourse. This note of mine explores Bharat's role as the G20 president, its potential benefits for Bharat (referred to as Bharat), and its proposed inclusion of African countries as permanent members in the G20. The note discusses Bharat's historical participation in the G20, its growing influence on the global stage, and how its presidency can foster economic growth, development, and inclusivity, not only for Bharat but also for Africa and the world.

India is hosting the G20 presidency in new Delhi w.e.f. 8^th – 10^th September, 2023,  According to a report by News 18, more than 40 world leaders are expected to take part in the summit in New Delhi. As preparations for G20 Summit were  in full swing and it was successfully delivered by the Bharat during the 3 day program in New Delhi, it's worth taking a closer look at the confirmed attendees and those who won't be participating. President Joe Biden of the United States is scheduled to visit India from September 7th to September 10th to participate in the summit. During his visit, Biden will engage in discussions on collaborative measures to address global challenges, encompassing the transition to clean energy and the fight against climate change.

The G20, consisting of 19 individual nations (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, United Kingdom, and the United States) along with the European Union, collectively forms a prominent international assembly.

Additionally, the summit will see the participation of some "guest countries," which encompass the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, the UAE, Oman, Bangladesh, Egypt, Mauritius, and Nigeria.

Lets have a look on the fundamental of G20 and how it is beneficial to the member countries as well as to the entire world.

Table of Contents            

1. Introduction
• Background
• Purpose and Scope
2. Bharat's Rise on the Global Stage
• Historical Overview
• Economic Growth and Development
• Diplomatic and Geopolitical Influence
3. G20: An Overview
• Origin and Purpose
• Bharat's Participation in the G20
• Significance of the G20 in Today's World
4. Bharat's G20 Presidency
• Objectives and Priorities
• Expectations and Challenges
5. Benefits for Bharat
• Economic Advancements
• Diplomatic Opportunities
• Strengthening Bilateral Relations
6. Inclusion of African Countries in the G20
• Rationale
• Challenges and Concerns
• Potential Benefits
7. Bharat's Approach to African Representation
• Diplomatic Efforts
• Economic Collaboration
• Strengthening Regional Ties
8. Global Implications
• Impact on Global Governance
• Advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Strengthening South-South Cooperation
9. Conclusion
• Bharat's G20 Presidency: A Catalyst for Change
• The Path Towards Inclusivity and Global Prosperity

1. Introduction

Background Bharat, known as Bharat in its native languages, is poised to take on the presidency of the 18^th G20 summit in the 8-10 September ,2023 and as on today it is the 2^nd day for the world leaders to be in New Delhi for the “Delhi Declaration”. This opportunity is not merely symbolic but carries immense weight in shaping global economic and political discourse. Bharat, with its growing economic prowess and diplomatic influence, is expected to use its presidency to further its own interests and contribute to the betterment of the global community. One of the key proposals on the agenda is Bharat's intention to include African countries as permanent members of the G20, a move that holds significant implications for the continent and the world. And as promised to the African Union, yesterday i.e. 9^th September 2023 Mr Modi proposed the name of African Union to be the 21^st Member of G20 which was heavily voted and now G20 will be renamed as G21 with the inclusion of African Union. Credit goes to Govt. of Bharat for this and special thanks to Mr Narendra Modi.

Purpose and Scope This write-up aims to explore Bharat's role as the G20 president and how it can benefit Bharat. Additionally, it delves into the proposal to include African countries as permanent members in the G20, discussing the rationale, challenges, and potential benefits of this endeavor. The essay also evaluates the global implications of Bharat's G20 presidency, focusing on its potential to advance sustainable development goals and foster South-South cooperation.

2. Bharat's Rise on the Global Stage

Historical Overview Bharat's historical significance on the global stage dates back centuries, with its contributions to trade, culture, and diplomacy. However, in the modern era, Bharat's emergence as a global player gained momentum after gaining independence in 1947. Since then, Bharat has actively engaged in international affairs, striving to shape the world order.

Economic Growth and Development One of the most remarkable aspects of Bharat's rise has been its economic growth and development. The liberalization of the Bharatn economy in the early 1990s paved the way for rapid economic expansion. Today, Bharat is one of the world's largest economies, boasting a robust industrial base, a burgeoning middle class, and a dynamic services sector.

Diplomatic and Geopolitical Influence Bharat's diplomacy has also played a pivotal role in its ascent on the global stage. It maintains diplomatic relations with nearly every nation, actively participates in international organizations, and has played crucial roles in peacekeeping missions. Furthermore, Bharat's non-aligned foreign policy has allowed it to engage with both Western and Eastern powers, contributing to global stability. India's foreign policy underwent several changes and developments after Narendra Modi took office as Prime Minister in 2014. His tenure has seen a more proactive and assertive approach to foreign affairs with an emphasis on economic diplomacy, regional cooperation, and a greater focus on India's global standing. Here are some key aspects of India's foreign policy during this period:

1.      Neighborhood First Policy: Modi's government placed a strong emphasis on improving relations with India's immediate neighbors, including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar. The "Neighborhood First" policy aimed to enhance regional stability, connectivity, and economic cooperation.

2.      Act East Policy: Building on the Look East Policy, Modi's government rebranded it as the Act East Policy, focusing on strengthening ties with Southeast Asian nations, including Vietnam, Indonesia, and Japan. This policy aimed at bolstering economic, strategic, and cultural relations in the Indo-Pacific region.

3.      Balancing Act: India sought to balance its relations with major powers like the United States, Russia, and China. While it deepened its strategic partnership with the United States, it also maintained its historical ties with Russia and pursued a cautious approach toward China.

4.      Economic Diplomacy: The Modi government prioritized economic diplomacy and aimed to attract foreign investments through initiatives like "Make in India" and "Startup India." It sought to enhance India's economic integration with the world and promote the country as a global manufacturing hub.

5.      Multilateral Engagement: India actively engaged in multilateral forums like the United Nations, BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), G20, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). It also made efforts to secure a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

6.      Security and Counterterrorism: India continued to focus on counterterrorism cooperation with various nations and sought to isolate Pakistan diplomatically on the issue of terrorism emanating from its territory.

7.      Climate Change and Renewable Energy: India took a more proactive stance on climate change, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and renewable energy. It played a significant role in the negotiations leading to the Paris Agreement.

8.      Global Health Diplomacy: India's leadership in the pharmaceutical industry made it a key player in the global response to health crises, such as supplying medicines and vaccines to countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

9.      Cultural Diplomacy: The government promoted Indian culture and soft power through initiatives like the International Day of Yoga and cultural festivals abroad, which aimed to enhance India's cultural influence.

10.  Border Disputes: India faced ongoing border disputes with China, which escalated into the Doklam standoff in 2017 and a deadly clash in the Galwan Valley in 2020. Managing these disputes while maintaining diplomatic channels was a significant challenge for India's foreign policy.

3. G20: An Overview

Origin and Purpose The Group of Twenty (G20) is an international forum for governments and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union. It was established in 1999 in response to financial crises in the late 1990s, with the goal of promoting international financial stability and fostering sustainable economic growth.

Bharat's Participation in the G20 Bharat has been an active member of the G20 since its inception. It has consistently participated in G20 meetings, discussions, and initiatives, recognizing the forum's significance in addressing global economic challenges. Bharat has used its G20 membership to advocate for the interests of emerging economies and developing nations.

Significance of the G20 in Today's World In the 21st century, the G20 has evolved into a key platform for addressing global economic issues. Its member nations collectively represent over 80% of the world's GDP and two-thirds of its population. The G20 is instrumental in coordinating policies, responding to global crises, and driving economic growth through collaboration and dialogue.

4. Bharat's G20 Presidency

Objectives and Priorities As Bharat successfully hosted the G20 presidency in New Delhi during 8-10 September, 2023, it has outlined several key objectives and priorities for its tenure. These include:

• Fostering Inclusive Growth: Bharat seeks to ensure that economic growth benefits all segments of society, particularly the marginalized and vulnerable populations.
• Sustainable Development: Bharat is committed to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting environmentally sustainable practices.
• Reforming Global Financial Systems: The country aims to address issues related to international taxation, financial regulation, and global financial architecture.
• Counterterrorism and Security: Bharat will focus on enhancing global cooperation to combat terrorism and strengthen cybersecurity.
• Health Security: Given the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bharat will emphasize the need for global health security and preparedness.
• Permanent Seat in UNO: The debate over UNSC reform continues within the United Nations, and progress has been slow. It's important to note that any changes to the composition and structure of the UNSC would require careful negotiations and consensus-building among member states. Bharat's bid for a permanent seat is a part of this larger discussion on making the UN more representative and effective in addressing global challenges.
• Bharat is in favour of giving more representation to other countries and to make them member of G20 in upcoming years

Expectations and Challenges Bharat's G20 presidency faces both high expectations and formidable challenges. Expectations include Bharat's ability to provide leadership in addressing pressing global issues, fostering economic recovery post-pandemic, and strengthening multilateralism. However, challenges such as divergent national interests, geopolitical tensions, and resource constraints must be navigated effectively.

During the G20 summit currently being hosted in New Delhi from September 8th to 10th, 2023, Mr. Modi effectively orchestrated the entire event. His ministers, S. Jayashankar, the Honorable External Affairs Minister, and Mr. Amitabh Kant, the CEO of Niti Aayog, acted as leaders of the G20 and presented the program excellently. The Government of India successfully showcased India's rich legacy and the future of Bharat by highlighting the upcoming developments that Bharat is embarking on.

5. Benefits for Bharat

Economic Advancements Bharat's G20 presidency offers significant economic benefits for the country. Through its leadership, Bharat can shape global economic policies to align with its interests, especially in trade, investment, and technology transfer. Bharat's robust services sector, including information technology, can gain increased global recognition and market access. Moreover, Bharat's emphasis on sustainable development during its presidency can boost its renewable energy sector and promote green initiatives.

Diplomatic Opportunities the G20 presidency provides a platform for Bharat to strengthen its diplomatic ties with other member nations. Through dialogue and cooperation, Bharat can build alliances and partnerships that extend beyond the G20 context. Furthermore, Bharat's proactive approach to global issues can enhance its reputation as a responsible global player.

Strengthening Bilateral Relations Bharat's G20 presidency can be used to strengthen bilateral relations with key partners. By engaging in constructive discussions and negotiations within the G20, Bharat can address trade barriers, promote investment, and enhance diplomatic ties with countries like the United States, China, Russia, and the European Union.

6. Inclusion of African Countries in the G20

Rationale Bharat's proposal to include African countries as permanent members of the G20 reflects a commitment to greater inclusivity and representation in global decision-making. The rationale behind this proposal is multi-faceted:

• Economic Significance: Africa is home to some of the world's fastest-growing economies and emerging markets. Including African nations in the G20 acknowledges their economic contributions and potential.
• Global Challenges: Many global challenges, such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics, have a disproportionate impact on African countries. Their inclusion in the G20 allows for more comprehensive and effective solutions to these challenges.
• Fair Representation: A more diverse G20 composition ensures that a wider range of perspectives and interests are considered in global policy-making.

Challenges and Concerns While the proposal to include African countries in the G20 is commendable, it also presents several challenges and concerns:

• Size and Diversity: Africa is a vast and diverse continent with varying levels of economic development, governance, and diplomatic influence. Selecting which African countries should be represented in the G20 can be complex.
• Resource Allocation: Expanding the G20 to include additional members may strain the forum's resources and decision-making processes.
• Geopolitical Dynamics: The inclusion of African countries may alter the existing balance of power within the G20, potentially leading to geopolitical tensions.

Potential Benefits The benefits of including African countries in the G20 are substantial:

• Enhanced Representation: African countries can voice their concerns and interests on a global platform, contributing to fairer and more inclusive global governance.
• Economic Cooperation: The G20 can foster economic cooperation between African nations and other major economies, leading to increased trade and investment.
• Development Assistance: Greater G20 involvement can result in increased development assistance and support for Africa's sustainable development goals.

7. Bharat's Approach to African Representation

Diplomatic Efforts Bharat has actively engaged with African nations through various diplomatic channels, including the Bharat-Africa Forum Summit. As G20 president, Bharat can leverage these existing relationships to build consensus among African countries for their inclusion in the G20.

During the Summit in Delhi, the African Union was added to the Group as 21st Member 

Economic Collaboration Bharat's growing economic ties with African nations provide a solid foundation for collaboration within the G20. Bharat can advocate for trade and investment opportunities that benefit both African countries and the G20 as a whole.

Strengthening Regional Ties Bharat can work towards strengthening regional organizations in Africa, such as the African Union (AU). Collaborating with the AU can facilitate a coordinated approach to African representation within the G20.

8. Global Implications

Impact on Global Governance The inclusion of African countries in the G20 would mark a significant step towards a more representative and equitable global governance structure. It can help address global challenges more effectively by incorporating diverse perspectives and experiences.

Advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The G20, with African representation, can play a crucial role in advancing the SDGs. Africa faces unique development challenges, and its participation in the G20 can lead to more focused and effective efforts to achieve these goals, particularly those related to poverty reduction, healthcare, education, and gender equality.

Strengthening South-South Cooperation The G20 has the potential to foster South-South cooperation, with Bharat and African nations at the forefront. This collaboration can extend beyond economic matters to address issues like climate change, security, and global health, benefiting not only Bharat and Africa but also the entire global community.

9. Conclusion

Bharat's  G20 presidency presents a unique opportunity for Bharat to exert influence on global economic and political matters. Through its leadership, Bharat can advance its own interests, promote sustainable development, and foster greater inclusivity by advocating for the inclusion of African countries as permanent members in the G20.

While challenges and concerns exist, the potential benefits of this inclusion are vast, including enhanced representation, economic cooperation, and the ability to address global challenges more comprehensively. Bharat's diplomatic efforts, economic collaboration, and regional engagement with African nations can pave the way for a more inclusive and prosperous G20 and contribute to a more equitable global governance structure.

In the broader context, Bharat's G20 presidency can reshape global economic and political discourse, advance sustainable development goals, and strengthen South-South cooperation. As Bharat prepares to take on this pivotal role, it has the opportunity to become a driving force for positive change on the global stage, benefiting not only itself and Africa but also the entire world.

 Highlights of the ongoing Summit in New Delhi

Following are as per the report  published online   by https://business.outlookindia.com on Published on : 09 Sep 2023, 5:01 pm

The biggest bone of contention among the leaders at G20 was the wording on Russia-Ukraine war. However, the New Delhi Declaration has been able to include the mention of the war. It said, “Today’s era must not be of war.” The leaders also “underscored that all states must act in a manner consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter in its entirety”.

In the document, the leaders also acknowledged the impact of the war on global food and energy security, supply chains, macro-financial stability, inflation and growth.

Along with a consensus on Ukraine war, the G20 leaders have also committed to sustainable and balanced growth. The declaration reads, “We commit to accelerate the full and effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”

On economic growth, the declaration acknowledges the challenges faced by MSMEs. It welcome the Jaipur call for action to help in integration of MSMEs in international trade. The leaders have also committed to strengthen multilateral development banks, which was a key agenda for the Indian presidency.

In the declaration, the countries have also agreed to address the debt vulnerabilities in low and middle income countries in an “effective, comprehensive and systematic manner”.

On gender equality, the declaration said, “The G20 reaffirms that gender equality is of fundamental importance, and that investing in the empowerment of all women and girls, has a multiplier effect in implementing the 2030 Agenda.”

The leaders also condemned all forms of terrorism and committed to meet the needs of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and FATF Style Regional Bodies. The government informed that all 83 paragraphs of the declaration were adopted unanimously.

The theme of India’s G20 presidency was “One Earth. One Family. One Future”. Notably, under India’s presidency, African Union has become a permanent member of the bloc. Since the formation of the bloc in 1999, this is the first time a new member has been added to the grouping.

 

Reference :  www.business.outlookindia.com

·         https://www.livemint.com/news/world/g20-summit-joe-biden-xi-jinping-russia-china-france-joe-biden-turkey-macron-trudeau-rishi-sunak-11693886984609.html

·         https://business.outlookindia.com/economy-and-policy/g20-summit-2023-what-are-the-key-highlights-of-new-delhi-declaration#:~:text=In%20the%20document%2C%20the%20leaders,to%20sustainable%20and%20balanced%20growth.

·         Information from open source available on google

                     

Sacred Cow in Sanatan Dharma सर्वकामदुधे देवि सर्वतीर्थीभिषेचिनि ll पावने सुरभि श्रेष्ठे देवि तुभ्यं नमोस्तुते ll

COW, 

सर्वकामदुधे देवि सर्वतीर्थीभिषेचिनि ll पावने सुरभि श्रेष्ठे देवि तुभ्यं नमोस्तुते ll

लक्ष्मीर्या लोकपालानां धेनुरूपेण संस्थिता। घृतं वहति यज्ञार्थ मम पापं व्यपोहतु।।

The Cow as per the Vedas and the stories of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna are multifaceted. It is deeply rooted in religious and cultural traditions, emphasizing the cow's role as a symbol of prosperity, compassion, and protection. The stories of these divine incarnations serve as powerful reminders of the reverence and care with which cows are regarded in Hinduism.

Cow's sacredness in Hinduism is deeply ingrained in its cultural, religious, and ethical significance. It symbolizes purity, motherhood, and abundance while embodying the principle of non-violence. This sacred status has led to various cultural and religious practices aimed at protecting and cherishing the c
ow.

The cow is regarded as a sacred and revered creature in many cultures, particularly in Hinduism. Its sacredness is rooted in its gentle nature, nourishing milk, and its association with deities. In Hinduism, the cow is considered a symbol of purity and motherhood, often referred to as "Go-Mata" or mother cow. It embodies the principles of non-violence (ahimsa) and reverence for all life forms. Protecting and honoring the cow is not merely a cultural tradition but a spiritual practice that reflects the deep respect for life and the environment.

Religious and Spiritual Importance of Cow

 I. The Sacred Cow in Sanatan Dharma

A. The Vedas and the Cow The Vedas, the most ancient and revered texts in Hinduism, contain numerous references to the cow and its sacredness.

1. Rigveda: The Rigveda, one of the oldest texts, extols the virtues of the cow in several hymns. One of the most famous verses is: In the Grihashtashram (family life), Maharshi Veda Vyas extolled to Yudhishthar the virtues of human beings, especially Brahmanas, as they play a pivotal role in performing duties to Devas, Pitras, Co- human beings, Bhuta Pranis, Krumi-Keetas (insects), Pakshis (birds) and even Asuras

   Sanskrit: "आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः" (Rigveda 1.164.40)

   Translation: "Let auspicious cows come to us from all directions."

   This verse highlights the desire for prosperity and blessings associated with cows.

2. Yajurveda: The Yajurveda emphasizes the importance of performing Yajnas (sacrifices) with offerings of milk and ghee. Cows, as the source of these vital offerings, play a central role in these rituals

   त्वं माता सर्व देवानां त्वं च यज्ञस्य कारणम् ।
   त्वं तीर्थ सर्वतीर्थानां नमस्तेस्तु सदानधे ।

   Meaning: O Destroyer of sins! You are the mother of all Deities. You are the reason for yadnya (sacrificial fire). Among all Tirthas (Holy places), you are the holiest. I pay my obeisance to you. 

Cow is an ideal animal in Deity Bramha’s creation. As per spiritual science, the four Purushārthas, namely, Dharma, Artha, Kāma, and Moksha can be acquired by serving the cow. While praising the cow, the principal Deities, namely, Bramha, Vishṇu and Shiva have narrated the following shloka:

B. Symbolic Significance of the Cow

1. Motherly Figure: The cow is often referred to as "Go-Mata," meaning "mother cow." This symbolizes the nurturing and caring nature of the cow as it provides milk, which is likened to a mother's nourishment for her child.

2. Provider of Sustenance: Cows are a source of milk, ghee (clarified butter), curd, and dung, all of which have nutritional and ritualistic significance in Hindu culture.

3. Sacred and Pure: In Sanatan Dharma, the cow is considered a symbol of purity. Its presence is believed to purify the environment, and cow dung is used in various purification rituals.

4. Associated with Deities: Several Hindu deities, including Lord Krishna, Lord Shiva, and Goddess Kamadhenu, are associated with cows. Lord Krishna, in particular, is often depicted as a cowherd, reinforcing the divine connection between cows and spirituality.

II. Ethical and Cultural Reasons to Avoid Consuming Cow Meat

A. Ahimsa (Non-Violence) Ahimsa is a core principle of Hinduism, advocating non-violence towards all living beings. Consuming cow meat contradicts this principle, as it involves the taking of a sentient life. The sacredness of the cow underscores the importance of practicing ahimsa towards it.

B. Spiritual Consequences Hinduism teaches the concept of karma, which posits that actions have consequences. Taking the life of a cow and consuming its meat is believed to generate negative karma and spiritual pollution, hindering one's spiritual progress.

C. Cows as Spiritual Benefactors Caring for and showing kindness to cows is believed to earn individuals spiritual merit. Conversely, harming or consuming them is seen as a grave transgression against dharma (righteousness).

D. Reverence for Life Hinduism places great importance on respecting and revering all forms of life. The cow's sacred status reflects this reverence for the sanctity of life. Consuming cow meat is considered disrespectful to this principle.

E. Environmental Considerations Beyond spiritual and ethical reasons, there are environmental considerations. Cattle play a crucial role in agriculture and sustainable farming practices. Killing cows for meat disrupts this balance and can have adverse ecological consequences.

III. Cultural and Historical Context

A. Historical Factors The reverence for the cow in Hinduism has deep historical roots that span thousands of years. Various ancient rulers and emperors in India advocated cow protection, and the concept of "cow sanctuaries" was established to safeguard cows from harm.

B. Contemporary Cow Protection In modern India, cow protection remains a contentious issue. Many states have implemented laws against cow slaughter, reflecting the continued importance of cow preservation in Indian society.

IV. Cow Preservation and Welfare

A. Goshalas (Cow Shelters) Goshalas are shelters or sanctuaries dedicated to the welfare of cows. They provide a safe and humane environment for cows that are no longer productive in terms of milk or agriculture.

GOSHALA

B. Initiatives for Cow Welfare Various organizations and individuals in India and around the world are actively involved in initiatives to promote cow welfare. These efforts include rescue operations, medical care, and campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of cow protection.

C. Protection from Urban garbage:   Stray cows wandering on roadsides and streets have become a common sight in many parts of the world, particularly in regions where cattle roam freely. While these wandering cows pose various challenges, one concerning issue is their tendency to graze on polythene and other forms of waste, which can have severe health implications for both the cows and the environment. This article explores the problems associated with stray cows eating polythene and waste, highlighting the health risks they face and the broader consequences for society. 

The Stray Cow Problem:

a)       Wandering on Roads and Streets: Stray cows often meander onto busy roads and streets, posing a significant hazard to both drivers and pedestrians. This can result in accidents, injuries, and even fatalities.

b)       Grazing on Polythene and Waste:Stray cows, lacking proper grazing areas and access to nutritious food, resort to consuming whatever is available, including polythene bags, plastic wrappers, and other forms of waste.

c)       Polythene and waste consumption can lead to serious health issues for these animals.

 

Health Implications for Stray Cows:

a)      Gastrointestinal Problems: Polythene and waste consumption can lead to digestive issues in cows, including blockages, stomach ulcers, and indigestion.

b)      Malnutrition: Grazing on non-nutritive substances deprives cows of essential nutrients, leading to malnutrition and weakened immune systems.

c)      Chemical Contamination:Some waste materials may contain harmful chemicals, toxins, or pesticides that can harm cows when ingested.

a)       Reduced Milk Production:Malnourished cows produce less milk, which affects dairy farmers' livelihoods and the availability of dairy products in the market.

 

Environmental Consequences:

a)       Pollution: Cows consuming polythene and waste contribute to environmental pollution as these materials are not biodegradable.

b)       Habitat Destruction: Stray cows may damage local ecosystems by trampling on vegetation and disturbing wildlife habitats.

c)       Water Pollution: Contaminated runoff from waste consumption by cows can pollute nearby water sources.

 Addressing the Issue:

a)       Stray Cow Management: Local authorities should implement strategies to manage stray cow populations, such as building shelters and providing proper grazing areas.

b)       Waste Management: Communities should adopt better waste disposal practices and promote recycling to reduce the availability of harmful waste to stray cows.

c)       Public Awareness: Educating the public about the importance of responsible waste disposal and the consequences of feeding stray cows can help mitigate the problem. 

V. Cultural and Dietary Diversity

It's important to recognize that dietary choices are influenced by cultural, historical, and geographical factors. In many parts of the world, people consume beef for a variety of reasons, including tradition, availability, and dietary preferences. While Hindus hold the cow in high regard, not all cultures share this belief, and dietary practices can vary significantly. 

As a believer in Sanatan Dharma, I would like to request those who consume beef from cows to please refrain from doing so. Cow meat is not conducive to your well-being or your path to attaining heaven; rather, it is considered a path that leads away from spiritual growth. Please avoid hindering your journey towards salvation by engaging in such practices.

Importance of Cow Pooja on Various Days

1. On Monday giving grass, food, agathi keerai, banana to cow will cleanse us off mathru, pithru dosha
2. On Tuesday giving water and food to cow will provide housing and land purchase opportunities
3. On Wednesday giving food  to cow will give advancement in professional life.
4. On Thursday giving rice porridge to cow will remove purva jenma  dosha
5. On Friday doing cow pooja will shower us with the blessings of Sri Mahalakshmi
6. On Saturday giving grass and agathi keerai to cow will remove us from the shackles of poverty.
7. On thuvathisi worshipping cow and giving food will provide punya of annathanam( offering food) to 1000 people

VI. Conclusion

The cow's sacred and revered status in Sanatan Dharma is deeply rooted in ancient scriptures and cultural traditions. Avoiding the consumption of cow meat is driven by ethical, spiritual, and cultural considerations, including the principle of ahimsa, the reverence for life, and the belief in the spiritual consequences of one's actions. While Hindus consider the cow as sacred and deserving of protection, it's essential to approach this topic with understanding and respect for the diversity of cultural and dietary practices around the world. Engaging in dialogue and promoting awareness can foster mutual respect and understanding among different communities. We should offer good quality food and good give due care to our Cows. 

Let us come together to protect and worship the sacred cow, for she is not just a gentle creature but a symbol of abundance and purity. In our reverence for the cow, we find the path to prosperity, both material and spiritual. By safeguarding her, we ensure the well-being of our environment, our agriculture, and our culture. Let us nurture and care for the cow, for in her presence, we discover the blessings of prosperity and the divine grace that enriches our lives. 🐄🙏 #ProtectTheCow #ProsperityThroughReverence

Sanatan - The Oldest and Purest Religion in the World

Sanatana Dharma: The Oldest and Purest Religion in the World

 

Introduction

Sanatana Dharma, often referred to as Hinduism, is one of the world's oldest and most profound belief systems. With a rich history spanning thousands of years, it has evolved into a complex and diverse religious and philosophical tradition. In this comprehensive 10,000-word note, we will delve into the origins, key principles, sacred texts, rituals, and the enduring significance of Sanatana Dharma. We will also explore its historical development, its role in shaping Bhartiya culture and society, and its global influence. To illustrate the antiquity and purity of this tradition, we will incorporate Sanskrit quotes from various sacred texts.

I. The Essence of Sanatana Dharma

1.1. Defining Sanatana Dharma

Sanatana Dharma, often translated as "Eternal Religion" or "Eternal Duty," is more accurately described as a way of life, a philosophical system, and a spiritual path rather than a conventional religion in the Western sense. It encompasses a vast array of beliefs, practices, and traditions that have evolved over thousands of years. It is characterized by its openness, adaptability, and the absence of a single founder or central religious authority.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत। अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम्।।" (Translation: "Whenever there is a decline in righteousness and an increase in unrighteousness, O Arjuna, at that time, I manifest myself.")

 

1.2. The Core Principles

Sanatana Dharma is guided by several core principles that underpin its philosophical and ethical framework:

1.      Dharma: Dharma refers to righteousness, duty, and moral law. It is the ethical and moral code that individuals must follow to lead a virtuous life.

2.      Karma: Karma is the principle of cause and effect, where one's actions, both good and bad, have consequences in this life and the next.

3.      Reincarnation (Samsara): The belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth until one achieves liberation (moksha) from this cycle.

4.      Moksha: Moksha is the ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of rebirth and union with the divine.

5.      Atman and Brahman: The belief in the individual soul (atman) being inherently connected to the universal soul (Brahman), representing the divine within each person.

6.      Ahimsa (Non-violence): The principle of non-violence, promoting compassion and respect for all living beings.

7.      Yoga: The practice of mental, physical, and spiritual disciplines aimed at self-realization and union with the divine.

Sanskrit Quote (Upanishads): "सर्वं खल्विदं ब्रह्म" (Translation: "All this is Brahman.")

 

II. Historical Development

 

2.1. Ancient Roots

Sanatana Dharma's origins can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization (around 2500 BCE), where archaeological findings suggest the presence of early religious practices and symbols. These practices evolved over time and merged with the Vedic traditions that arrived with the Indo-Aryans. But it is more older than what we have evidence in history.  As per the Vedas and puranas a series of Yug and chaturyuga is concern. Based on the theory life on this universe is from millions of years. But we refer it saying that Lord Ram came to this planet some 7000 year back.  May be the calculation and its parameters were different.

Sanskrit Quote (Rigveda): "आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः।" (Translation: "Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.")

 

2.2. The Vedic Period

The Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE) saw the composition of the Rigveda, the oldest of the four Vedas, which are the foundational scriptures of Hinduism. These texts contain hymns and rituals dedicated to various deities, as well as philosophical speculations.

Sanskrit Quote (Rigveda): "एकं सद्विप्रा बहुधा वदन्ति।" (Translation: "The truth is one, but the wise speak of it in many ways.")

 

2.3. The Epic and Puranic Period

The Epic and Puranic period (500 BCE to 500 CE) witnessed the composition of epics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, as well as the development of Puranas, which are sacred texts that contain myths, legends, and religious teachings.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "मनुष्याणां सहस्रेषु कश्चिद्यतति सिद्धये। यततामपि सिद्धानां कश्चिन्मां वेत्ति तत्त्वतः।।" (Translation: "Out of thousands among men, one may strive for perfection, and of those who have achieved perfection, hardly one knows Me in truth.")

2.4. The Development of Schools of Thought

During this period, several philosophical schools (darshanas) emerged, each offering different perspectives on the nature of reality, ethics, and the path to liberation. Notable schools include Vedanta, Samkhya, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, and Yoga.

Sanskrit Quote (Vedanta Sutra): "आत्मैवाखिलं जगत्" (Translation: "The self alone is all.")

2.5. The Bhakti and Sufi Movements

In the medieval period (500 CE to 1500 CE), the Bhakti and Sufi movements emerged, emphasizing devotion to a personal deity or the divine. Bhakti saints like Kabir, Meera, and Tulsidas played a significant role in popularizing devotional practices.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavata Purana): "सर्वधर्मान्परित्यज्य मामेकं शरणम् व्रज।" (Translation: "Abandon all varieties of religion and just surrender unto Me.")

 

III. Sacred Texts of Sanatana Dharma

 

3.1. The Vedas

The Vedas are the oldest and most revered scriptures in Hinduism. There are four Vedas: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. They contain hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings.

Sanskrit Quote (Rigveda): "आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः।" (Translation: "Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.")

 

3.2. The Upanishads

The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical texts that explore the nature of reality, the self (atman), and the ultimate reality (Brahman).

Sanskrit Quote (Chandogya Upanishad): "तत्त्वमसि" (Translation: "You are That.")

 

3.3. The Epics

The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are epic narratives that contain moral and philosophical teachings. The Bhagavad Gita, a part of the Mahabharata, is one of the most important spiritual texts in Hinduism.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन।" (Translation: "You have a right to perform your prescribed duties, but you are not entitled to the fruits of your actions.")

 

3.4. The Puranas

The Puranas are a vast genre of texts that contain myths, legends, cosmology, and religious teachings. There are 18 major Puranas, including the Vishnu Purana, Shiva Purana, and Devi Bhagavata Purana.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavata Purana): "भक्तिः परमा भगवति प्रतिलभ्य कामान्यधीकृत्य" (Translation: "Devotion, direct experience of the Supreme, and detachment from other things—these three occur simultaneously for one who has taken shelter of the Supreme Being.")

 

3.5. The Dharmashastras

The Dharmashastras are texts that provide guidelines for ethical and social conduct. The Manusmriti and Yajnavalkya Smriti are prominent examples.

Sanskrit Quote (Manusmriti): "यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवता:।" (Translation: "Where women are revered, there the gods are pleased.")

  

IV. Rituals and Practices

 

4.1. Worship and Rituals

Sanatana Dharma encompasses a wide range of rituals and ceremonies, from daily worship (puja) in homes and temples to elaborate yagnas (fire sacrifices) and pilgrimage to sacred sites like Varanasi and Rishikesh.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणोऽन्यत्र लोकोऽयं कर्मबंधनः।" (Translation: "All activities are performed as a sacrifice for the Lord, otherwise they bind one to this material world.")

 

4.2. Yoga and Meditation

Yoga is a central practice in Sanatana Dharma, with various forms such as Hatha Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Karma Yoga. Meditation and mindfulness techniques are employed to attain self-realization.

Sanskrit Quote (Patanjali Yoga Sutra): "योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः" (Translation: "Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.")

 

4.3. Festivals and Celebrations

Hinduism is known for its vibrant festivals that celebrate various deities and seasons. Diwali, Holi, Navaratri, and Ganesh Chaturthi are some of the most widely celebrated festivals.

Sanskrit Quote (Rigveda): "अनो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः।" (Translation: "Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.")

 

V. Cultural and Societal Impact

 

5.1. Art and Architecture

Sanatana Dharma has inspired some of the world's most magnificent temples, sculptures, and artwork. Iconic structures like the temples of Khajuraho and Konark are masterpieces of architecture and symbolism.

Sanskrit Quote (Brihadisvara Temple Inscription): "आत्मनः स्वयंभूश्च जगतः प्रभवाप्ययौ।" (Translation: "The self-existent One has established the world.")

 

5.2. Philosophy and Literature

Bhartiya philosophy, influenced by Sanatana Dharma, has made significant contributions to world thought. The works of philosophers like Adi Shankaracharya, Ramanuja, and Madhva have had a profound impact on the development of philosophical ideas.

Sanskrit Quote (Adi Shankaracharya): "ब्रह्म सत्यं जगन्मिथ्या" (Translation: "Brahman is the only truth; the world is unreal.")

 

5.3. Social and Ethical Values

Sanatana Dharma promotes values such as compassion, tolerance, and respect for all living beings. It has played a pivotal role in shaping Bhartiya society's ethos and approach to life.

Sanskrit Quote (Mahabharata): "आत्मवत्तु प्रतिष्ठानं यदि शास्यति यत्र यत्र।" (Translation: "Wherever a righteous person dwells, there is his true home.")

VI. Global Influence

 

6.1. Spread and Diaspora

Over the centuries, Sanatana Dharma has spread beyond Bharat's borders, influencing Southeast Asia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bali, and even parts of the Western world. The Bhartiya diaspora has further disseminated its teachings and practices.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्तदेवेतरो जनः। स यत्प्रमाणं कुरुते लोकस्तदनुवर्तते।" (Translation: "Whatever a great person does, common people follow. Whatever standards they set, all others follow.")

 

6.2. Influence on Modern Thought

Sanatana Dharma has had a significant impact on modern philosophical and spiritual movements worldwide. Concepts such as yoga, meditation, and karma have become integral to the global spiritual lexicon.

Sanskrit Quote (Bhagavad Gita): "योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय।" (Translation: "Perform your duty equipoised, O Arjuna, abandoning all attachment to success or failure.")

7. The Negative Aspects of Practices in Sanatan Dharma and How the Caste System Became a Harmful Force in Hindu Society

At its core, it upholds the belief that individuals are judged based on their actions, or karma, rather than their birth. This principle emphasizes the idea that every person has the potential for spiritual growth and advancement, regardless of their social or caste background. However, over time, certain practices within the Hindu society have deviated from these fundamental principles, leading to the emergence of caste discrimination and mistreatment of lower-caste individuals. In this essay, we will explore the historical and sociocultural factors that led to the dark side of caste discrimination in Sanatan Dharma, and how these practices are incongruent with its core teachings.

Historical Context

 

To understand how caste discrimination emerged within the framework of Sanatan Dharma, it's essential to consider the historical context. The caste system, also known as Varna system, has ancient roots and evolved over centuries. Initially, the Varna system was based on one's occupation, with four primary varnas: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). This system was designed to distribute labor and skills efficiently in an agrarian society.

However, as time passed, the Varna system became increasingly rigid and hierarchical, stratifying society based on birth rather than occupation. This rigidification resulted in the emergence of the concept of "untouchability" – a category of people considered so impure that their mere touch or presence was believed to pollute higher-caste individuals. This concept is not rooted in the core teachings of Sanatan Dharma, which emphasize karma and individual growth.

Factors Contributing to Caste Discrimination

 

Incongruence with Core Teachings

The emergence of caste discrimination in Sanatan Dharma stands in stark contrast to its core principles. At the heart of Hindu philosophy are the concepts of karma and dharma:

·         Karma: The law of karma teaches that individuals are responsible for their actions and that these actions determine their future circumstances, both in this life and the next. This belief underscores the idea that one's caste should not be a barrier to spiritual growth, as anyone can improve their karma through righteous actions.

·         Dharma: Dharma, often translated as duty or righteousness, is another foundational concept in Sanatan Dharma. It emphasizes that individuals should fulfill their responsibilities and duties according to their roles in society, but it does not prescribe discrimination or mistreatment of others based on caste.

Modern Perspectives and Reforms

In contemporary Bharat, there has been a growing awareness of the need to address caste discrimination and return to the core teachings of Sanatan Dharma. Several reform movements and legal measures have sought to challenge and dismantle the caste-based hierarchy:

·        Social Reformers: Visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar advocated for social reform and the eradication of untouchability. Their efforts led to significant social and political change, including the abolition of untouchability and the reservation system to uplift lower-caste communities.

·         Legal Measures: The Bharatn Constitution, adopted in 1950, explicitly outlaws caste-based discrimination and promotes social justice and equality. Affirmative action policies, such as reservations in education and government jobs, were implemented to address historical injustices.

·         Educational Initiatives: NGOs and educational institutions have played a crucial role in promoting awareness and education about caste discrimination. They work to empower marginalized communities through access to education and opportunities. 

Several historical and sociocultural factors contributed to the devolution of the caste system into a discriminatory structure:

a.       Invasions and Foreign Rule: Bharat's history is marked by invasions and foreign rule, which disrupted the existing social order. During these periods, conquerors often exploited existing social divisions, including caste, to maintain control and sow discord among the population.

b.       Misinterpretation of Scriptures: Some interpretations of ancient Hindu texts, such as the Manusmriti, distorted the original teachings of Sanatan Dharma to justify caste-based discrimination. These interpretations further entrenched the discriminatory practices within society.

c.       Economic Interests: The caste system allowed certain groups to maintain economic and social privileges. Higher-caste individuals benefited from the labor and services provided by lower-caste groups, which created an economic incentive to perpetuate the caste hierarchy.

d.       Social Norms and Tradition: Over time, caste-based discrimination became deeply ingrained in social norms and traditions. These norms were passed down through generations, making it challenging to challenge or change the status quo. 

e.       Political Interest of regional & national parties:

Indeed, the political dimension plays a significant role in the perpetuation of caste-based discrimination in Bharat. While the caste system has ancient roots, its transformation into a deeply divisive and discriminatory social structure was influenced by several historical factors, including British colonial rule, and later exploited for political gains.

 

·         British Colonial Rule:

The British colonial rule in Bharat, which lasted for nearly two centuries, had a profound impact on Bharatn society and its caste dynamics. The British introduced the concept of census and categorization of communities based on caste, which led to the formalization and solidification of caste identities. They utilized these divisions as a means of administrative control, effectively classifying and categorizing Bharatn society along caste lines for administrative purposes.

 

Divide and Rule Policy: The British also employed a "divide and rule" policy, pitting different communities and castes against each other to maintain their grip on power. By exploiting existing social divisions and creating new ones, they sought to weaken any unified opposition to their rule. This policy sowed the seeds of mistrust and animosity among various caste groups, exacerbating existing tensions.

 

·         Post-Independence Political Exploitation:

After Bharat gained independence in 1947, some regional political parties continued to exploit caste divisions for their political advantage. They played on the grievances of marginalized communities, promising to uplift them while garnering their votes. This approach further deepened the divide between different caste groups, as politicians used identity politics to create vote banks.

 

·         Religious and Communal Politics:

In addition to caste-based politics, religious and communal politics have also played a role in exacerbating divisions. Some political parties have used religious identity to polarize voters, which has led to tensions and conflicts between different religious communities, as seen in incidents like the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya and communal riots.

 

·         Kashmiri Pandit Exodus:

The tragic exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Kashmir Valley in the late 1980s and early 1990s is a stark example of how political and communal factors can lead to violence and displacement. The Pandits were targeted by separatist militants, leading to a mass migration out of fear for their lives. This event highlights the dangers of exploiting communal and religious fault lines for political objectives.

 

·         Need for Ethical and Inclusive Politics:

It is essential to recognize that politics has the power to both exacerbate and mitigate caste and communal tensions. While certain political forces have exploited these divisions for their gain, others have worked toward social justice, inclusion, and reconciliation.

 To address the deeply rooted issues of caste discrimination and communalism in Bharat, it is crucial for political leaders to prioritize ethical and inclusive politics. This includes promoting policies that uplift marginalized communities, ensuring equal opportunities for all, and fostering social harmony rather than division. Additionally, civil society, media, and citizens themselves can play a significant role in holding politicians accountable for their actions and promoting unity and tolerance in a diverse nation like Bharat.

 

Conclusion by the Writer

 Sanatana Dharma, with its profound philosophical depth, storied history, and timeless teachings, stands as a testament to the enduring essence of human spirituality. Its impact on the realms of art, literature, philosophy, and ethics is immeasurable, and its influence continues to reverberate in the contemporary world. As we ponder its ancient origins, fundamental principles, revered scriptures, sacred rituals, and cultural significance, we discern that it embodies the quintessence of the most ancient and unadulterated spiritual tradition in the world. Sanatana Dharma, characterized by its inclusiveness, sagacity, and relentless pursuit of ultimate truth, remains a guiding luminary for those in search of spiritual enlightenment and self-realization.

 The dark side of caste discrimination within the framework of Sanatan Dharma has its roots in historical and sociocultural factors that deviated from the religion's core principles of karma and dharma. While the caste system may have served as a means of organizing society in ancient times, it has since been transformed into a system of discrimination and inequality. However, contemporary Bharat has made significant strides in addressing these issues through legal measures, social reforms, and educational initiatives.

 The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) are both aligning themselves to exert checks and control over the depreciation of Sanatan Dharma by any troublemakers within the country. Moreover, the political determination of the ruling parties must be robust in rationalizing matters and exercising strong oversight over purveyors of hate speech. No one should be permitted to utter falsehoods about Sanatan or any other religions. It is imperative to emphasize that Bharat should adopt a two-party political system so that the poison disseminated by regional and local political parties in the name of caste, region, and creed can be restrained, and they should not be allowed to seek votes solely based on their caste discrimination.

 It is important to recognize that the discriminatory practices associated with caste are not inherent to Sanatan Dharma's core teachings. The essence of Hinduism lies in the belief that every individual, regardless of their birth, has the potential for spiritual growth and enlightenment through their actions and adherence to righteous principles. The ongoing efforts to combat caste discrimination reflect a desire to return to these fundamental ideals and create a more just and equitable society, in line with the true essence of Sanatan Dharma. 

All followers of Sanatan Dharma should come together, regardless of their caste beliefs, and work towards dissolving caste distinctions. Encouraging intercaste marriages and avoiding discussions related to caste while promoting harmony among each other is essential. If any political leader or influencer from another religion attempts to manipulate or disparage Sanatan Dharma, immediate action should be taken against such individuals. Do not remain passive; take a stand. Vishva Hindu Parishad is available as a resource, and in case of any emergencies, you can reach out to them. I urge every Sanatani to consider becoming a member of Vishva Hindu Parishad and RSS without hesitation. Your unity is the guarantee of the safety and preservation of the Sanatan Hindu religion.

 Written and arranged by Balwant Singh Rana